Analysis of natural regression and influencing factors of HSIL in the cervix of childbearing age patients / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the natural regression and related factors of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in the cervix of childbearing age women, and to evaluate the applicability of conservative management for future fertility needs. Methods: This study included 275 patients of reproductive age with fertility needs, who were diagnosed as HSIL by biopsy from April 30, 2015 to April 30, 2022, including 229 cases (83.3%) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ and 46 cases (16.7%) CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ. They were followed-up without immediate surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The median follow-up time was 12 months (range: 3-66 months). The regression, persistence and progression of lesions in patients with HSIL were analyzed during the follow-up period, the influencing factors related to regression and the time of regression were analyzed. Results: (1) Of the 275 HSIL patients, 213 cases (77.5%, 213/275) experienced regression of the lesion during the follow-up period. In 229 CIN Ⅱ patients, 180 cases (78.6%) regressed, 21 cases (9.2%) persisted, and 28 cases (12.2%) progressed. In 46 CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients, 33 cases (71.7%) regressed, 12 cases (26.1%) persisted, and 1 case (2.2%) progressed to invasive squamous cell carcinoma stage Ⅰ a1. There was no significant difference in the regression rate between the two groups (χ2=1.03, P=0.309). (2) The average age at diagnosis, age <25 years old at diagnosis were independent influencing factor of HSIL regression in univariate analysis (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between HSIL regression and pathological grading, the severity of screening results, human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype, colposcopy image characteristics, number of biopsies during follow-up and pregnancy experience (all P>0.05). (3) The median regression times for patients aged ≥25 years and <25 years at diagnosis were 15 and 12 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that age ≥25 years at diagnosis significantly increased the median regression time compared to <25 years (χ2=6.02, P=0.014). Conclusions: For HSIL patients of childbearing age, conservative management without immediate surgical intervention is preferred if CINⅡ is fully evaluated through colposcopy examination. Age ≥25 years at diagnosis is a risk factor affecting the prognosis of HSIL patients.

Avaliação do perfil de mulheres atendidas em centros de referência em saúde de Porto Alegre/RS e relação de alterações citológicas detectadas no exame citopatológico e a presença do HPV / Profile evaluation of women that attended reference health centers in Porto Alegre/RS and the relationship between cytological alterations detected in cytopathological examination and presence of HPV / Evaluación del perfil de las mujeres atendidas en los centros de referencia de salud de Porto Alegre / RS y la relación de las alteraciones citológicas detectadas en el examen citopatológico con la presencia de VPH

Justificativas e Objetivos: Câncer de colo de útero é considerado um problema de saúde pública mundial. Seu diagnóstico é realizado através do exame citopatológico (EC) e seu desenvolvimento relacionado à infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). Este estudo objetiva avaliar o perfil de mulheres atendidas em centros de referência em saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, assim como a relação de alterações observadas ao EC com presença do HPV. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em mulheres atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde e um ambulatório de referência de hospital público terciário, no período de julho de 2014 a janeiro de 2017. Coletaram-se amostras representativas da endo/ectocérvice para realização do EC e investigadas quanto à presença molecular do HPV. Resultados: Foram analisadas 169 mulheres com idade média entre 31 e 40 anos, das quais 125 (74%) informaram que a sexarca ocorreu na faixa de 15-20 anos e 37,9% relatou ter tido de três a cinco parceiros sexuais. Em relação ao EC, 71 (42%) apresentaram resultado negativo para lesão intraepitelial ou malignidade e 98 (58%) alguma anormalidade de células escamosas: 20 (11,8%) atipias; 22 (13%) lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau e 56 (32,6%) lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL). Cinquenta (29,6%) apresentaram positividade para HPV, destas 56,4% foram diagnosticadas com HSIL (p<0,01). Conclusão: Os resultados revelam alta frequência de HPV em amostras com alterações citopatológicas, em mulheres jovens e com grau de exposição ao HPV, reforçando a importância do papel da sua identificação precoce na investigação da carcinogênese cervical.(AU)

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer is considered a worldwide public health problem. Its diagnosis is made through cytopathological examination and its development related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aims to evaluate the profile of women treated at reference health centers in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the relation of changes observed to cytopathological examination with the presence of HPV. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in women treated at basic health units and a referral clinic of a public tertiary hospital, from July 2014 to January 2017. Representative samples of the endo/ectocervix were collected to perform the cytopathological examination and investigated for the molecular presence of HPV. Results: 169 women with mean age between 31 and 40 years were analyzed, of whom 125 (74%) reported that the onset of sexual activity occurred in the 15-20 years age group, and 37.9% reported having had three to five sexual partners. In relation to cytopathological examination, 71 (42%) had a negative result for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and 98 (58%) some squamous cell abnormality: 20 (11.8%) atypical; 22 (13%) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 56 (32.6%) high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Fifty (29.6%) were positive for HPV, of which 56.4% were diagnosed with HSIL (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results reveal a high frequency of HPV in samples with cytopathological changes, in young women and with a degree of exposure to HPV, reinforcing the importance of the role of its early identification in the investigation of cervical carcinogenesis.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: El cáncer de cuello uterino se considera un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante el examen citopatológico (EC), y su desarrollo está relacionado con la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Este estudio objetivó evaluar el perfil de mujeres atendidas en los centros de referencia en salud de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), así como la relación de las alteraciones observadas en el EC con la presencia del VPH. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en las mujeres atendidas por unidades de atención primaria y por una clínica ambulatoria de referencia del hospital público terciario en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, en el período de julio de 2014 a enero de 2017. Se recolectaron muestras representativas de endo/ectocérvice para realizar la CE, las cuales se clasificaron según el sistema Bethesda y se investigaron la presencia molecular del VPH. Resultados: Analizamos 169 mujeres con promedio de edad entre 31 y 40 años, de las cuales 125 (74%) informaron que el sexarche ocurrió en el rango de 15-20 años. La mayoría (37,9%) informó haber tenido de 3 a 5 parejas sexuales; y el 37,3% estaban usando anticonceptivos orales. Con respecto a la EC, 71 (42%) se clasificaron como negativos para lesión intraepitelial o malignidad; y el 98 (58%) tenían alguna anormalidad de células escamosas: 20 (11,8%) de atipias; 22 (13,0%) lesión intraepitelial escamosa de bajo grado y 56 (32,6%) lesión intraepitelial de alto grado (HSIL). La frecuencia de positividad del VPH encontrada fue de 50 (29,6%), de estas un 56,4% fueron diagnosticadas con HSIL (p<0,01). Conclusiones: Estos resultados revelan una alta frecuencia de VPH en muestras con alteraciones citopatológicas presentes en mujeres jóvenes con cierto grado de exposición al VPH, lo que refuerza la importancia de identificarse tempranamente en el análisis de la carcinogénesis cervical.(AU)

Prevalencia de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales de bajo y alto grado en pacientes en edad fértil. Maracaibo. Estado Zulia / Prevalence of intrepelitelial, cervical low and high grade injuries in patients in the fertile age. Maracaibo. Zulia state

Determinar la prevalencia de las lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales de bajo y alto grado en pacientes de edad fértil en la consulta de ginecología del centro Materno pediatrico Zulia, en el período comprendido febrero 2016 -febrero 2018 Maracaibo, Estado Zulia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron mujeres entre los 15 y 44 años, que acudieron a la consulta de Ginecología obstetricia del centro materno pediátrico Zulia para el periodo comprendido febrero 2016 ­ febrero 2018. Se evaluó la normalidad de las variables cuantitativas, empleándose la mediana o el promedio con sus varianzas según su distribución, y frecuencias y proporciones para las variables categóricas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 150 pacientes. La mediana de la edad fue 29 años con rango (R: 15-43 años), la mediana del número de partos 1 (R: 0-3). Uso de métodos anticonceptivos, la mayoría utilizaba ACO. El 60% de las citologías se reportaron como negativas, 20 % lesión de bajo grado (LSIL), 10% células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), 2% lesiones de alto grado (HSIL), 2,3% células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado de alto grado ASC-H, 3,3% células glandulares atípicas de significado incierto (ASGUS) y 2% carcinoma invasor. Conclusión: La prevalencia de las anormalidades citológicas fue alta en todos los grupos analizados, sin embargo, existe un mayor número de LSIL hacia la tercera década de la vida y en aquellas que iniciaron su vida sexual después de los 40 años. De igual manera se encontró una relación inversa entre el número de partos, planificación familiar hormonal y aparición de lesiones pre neoplásicas(AU)

To determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions of low and high grade in patients of fertile age in the gynecology clinic of the Zulia maternity center, in the period February 2016-February 2018 Maracaibo, Zulia State. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out that included women between 15 and 44 years old, who attended the obstetrics gynecology clinic of the Zulia pediatric maternity center for the period February 2016-February 2018. The normality of the quantitative variables, using the median or average with their variances according to their distribution, and frequencies and proportions for the categorical variables. Results: 150 patients were included. the median age was 29 years with range (R: 15-43 years), the median number of births 1 (R: 0-3). Using contraceptive methods, most used ACO. 60% of cytologies were reportedas negative, 20% low grade lesion (LSIL), 10% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 2% high grade lesions (HSIL), 2.3% cells Atypical squamous of indeterminate significance of high grade ASC-H, 3.3% atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance (ASGUS) and 2% invasive carcinoma. Conclusion: The prevalence of cytological abnormalities was high in all the groups analyzed, however, there is a greater number of LSIL in the third decade of life and in those who began their sexual life their 40 years. Likewise, an inverse relationship was found between the number of births, hormonal family planning and the appearance of pre-neoplastic lesions(AU)

Hybrid capture as a tool for cervical lesions screening in HIV-infected women: insights from a Brazilian cohort

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical cancer remains an important burden for HIV-infected women in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Recommendations for cervical screening in these women diverge and may include high-risk HPV (HRHPV) testing. We aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a single HRHPV testing for cervical screening of HIV-infected women. Methods: 723 HIV-infected women from a Brazilian prospective cohort were included between 1996 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were: normal cervical cytology at baseline and having a HRHPV-test at baseline. We calculated incidence rates of any squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and high grade SIL+ (HSIL+) and negative predictive values (NPV) within 12 and 36 months. Hazard Ratios were obtained using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Incidence rate for both outcomes was low (9.9 cases per 100 PY [95% CI 8.8-11.0] for any SIL and 1.3 cases per 100 PY [95% IC 0.9-1.8] for HSIL+). Women with a HRHPV positive status at baseline had 1.7-fold (95% CI 1.3-2.2) and 3.2-fold (95% CI 1.5-7.1) increased risk of presenting any SIL and HSIL+, respectively, during follow-up. Negative-HRHPV test presented high NPV for both periods and outcomes (any SIL: 92.4% [95% CI 89.7-94.6] for 12 months and 80.9% [95% CI 77.2-84.3] for 36 months; and HSIL+: 99.8% [95% CI 98.9-100.0] for 12 months and 99.0 [95% CI 97.6-99.7] for 36 months). Conclusions: Incidence of any and high grade cytological abnormality was significantly higher among HIV-infected women with positive-HRHPV test. A single negative-HRHPV test helped reassure follow-up free of cytological abnormalities through three years of follow-up in HIV-infected women with negative cytology.

Evolución de las lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de bajo grado del cérvix (2012-2013) / Evolution of Cervix Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (2012-2013)

Introducción: las lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales son precursoras del cáncer de cuello uterino, enfermedad que causó 465 muertes en Cuba en el año 2015. Objetivo: describir la evolución de las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado del cérvix durante un bienio según lo dispuesto en el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Cervicouterino. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo a 79 pacientes diagnosticadas citológicamente con una lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado en el período comprendido entre el 1ro de septiembre de 2012 y el 31 de agosto de 2013 en el Hospital Materno Ramón González Coro. Seguimiento evolutivo cada seis meses durante dos años. Resultados: 54,4 por ciento tenía entre 25 y 39 años de edad. Del total, 65,8 por ciento negativizó la citología entre los 6 y 18 meses. En los dos años de evolución, 25,3 por ciento del total progresó a una lesión de alto grado. Existió buena correlación citocolposcópica en 80 por ciento de las pacientes. El cálculo de la mediana de la zona transformación atípica en las lesiones de alto grado fue de 25 por ciento, muy superior a las de bajo grado. Hubo confirmación histológica en todos los casos cuya lesión progresó. Conclusiones: las pacientes que negativizaron la citología lo hizo durante los 18 meses de seguimiento. Existió buena relación citohistológica, no así colpohistológica. La evolución no guardó relación con las variables sociodemográficas excepto con el uso de DIU. Lesiones que ocupan más del 20 por ciento de la zona de transformación se relacionó con progresión hacia una lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado(AU)

Introduction: Cervical intraepithelial lesions are signs of cervical cancer, a disease that caused 465 deaths in Cuba in 2015. Objective: To describe the evolution of low-grade intraepithelial lesions of the cervix during a biennium according to the provisions of the National Program of Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out on 79 patients diagnosed by cytology with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013 at Ramón González Coro Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital. These subjects received an evolutionary follow-up every six months for two years. Results: 54.4 percent were between 25 and 39 years of age; 65.8 percent had negative cytology between 6 and 18 months. In the two years of evolution, 25.3 percent of the total progressed to a high-grade lesion. There was good cytocolposcopic correlation in 80 percent of the patients. The calculation of the median of the atypical transformation zone in the high-grade lesions was 25 percent, much higher than the low-grade ones. There was histological confirmation in all cases whose lesion progressed. Conclusions: Negative cytology in our patients was assessed during the 18 months of follow-up period. There was good cytohistological relationship, but not so for colpohistological relationship. The evolution was not related to the sociodemographic variables except with the use of IUD. Lesions that occupy more than 20 percent of the transformation zone were associated with progression towards a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(AU)

Resultados de la conización por radiocirugía en pacientes atendidas en consulta de patología de cuello uterino / Results of conization by radiosurgery in cervical pathology patients

Introducción: la radiocirugía tiene como objetivo proporcionar una herramienta de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivos: describir los resultados de la conización por radiocirugía en pacientes atendidas en la consulta de patología de cuello uterino. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal en el Hospital General Docente Mártires del 9 de abril, de Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 256 pacientes atendidas en la consulta de patología de cuello uterino que fueron sometidas a conización por radiocirugía, desde enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2015. Para la recogida de la información se empleó la revisión de documentos mediante la confección de un modelo de recogida de datos. Resultados: el diagnóstico preoperatorio que aportó mayor cantidad de casos fue el NIC III (displasia severa) con 78 casos (30,5 por ciento). Conclusiones: en el presente estudio las lesiones premalignas comenzaron a aparecer con notada incidencia desde los 20 años y hasta los 49, con marcada ocurrencia en el grupo de 30 a 39 años. El aumento en el número de parejas, así como el comienzo temprano de las relaciones sexuales incrementan el riesgo de padecer lesiones intraepiteliales en el cuello del útero. A partir de los cinco años de iniciada las relaciones sexuales, comienzan a aparecer las lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales, el diagnóstico preoperatorio que aportó mayor cantidad de casos fue el NIC III (displasia severa). Existió correspondencia en todos los casos en los diagnósticos histológicos por sacabocado y cono(AU)

Introduction: radiosurgery aims to provide a diagnostic and treatment tool. Objectives: describe the results of radiosurgery conization in patients treated at the cervical pathology clinic. Method: adescriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Mártires del 9 de Abril General Teaching Hospital, Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba. The study population consisted of 256 patients treated at the cervical pathology clinic, who were submitted to radiosurgery conization, from January 2013 to December 2015. For the collection of the information, a review of documents was done by making a data collection model. Results: CIN III (severe dysplasia was) the preoperative diagnosis that contributed the most cases ( 78 cases (30.5 percent)). Conclusions: in the present study, premalignant lesions began to appear with a marked incidence from the age of 20 to 49, with a distinct occurrence in the group aged 30 to 39 years. The increase number of couples as well as the early beginning of sexual intercourse increase the risk of intraepithelial lesions in the cervix. After five years of sexual intercourse, cervical intraepithelial lesions began to appear, the preoperative diagnosis with the highest number of cases was CIN III (severe dysplasia). There was correspondence in all cases in the histological diagnoses by punch and cone(AU)

Evaluación de la expresión de marcadores celulares p16 INK4a, PCNA y Cadherina E, mediante técnicas inmunohistoquimicas en lesiones de cuello uterino causadas por virus del papiloma humano / Evaluation of the expression of cellular markers p16 INK4a, PCNA and E-cadherin by immunohistochemical techniques in cervical lesions caused by human papilloma virus

Las infecciones por virus de papiloma humano (VPH) influyen en la expresión de proteínas del ciclo celular y producen alteraciones en el epitelio cervical que promueven el desarrollo de la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC); los genotipos de VPH se agrupan en VPH de bajo o de alto riesgo oncogénico. Las oncoproteínas virales E6 y E7 de los VPH de alto riesgo (16 y 18), se unen a varios reguladores del ciclo celular, por lo tanto están relacionadas con lesiones de alto grado y cáncer de cuello uterino. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar 36 biopsias de cuello uterino mediante inmunohistoquímica y medir la expresión de los marcadores celulares siguientes: Antígeno Nuclear de Proliferación Celular (PCNA), la proteína de adhesión celular Cadherina E que se inactiva en los momentos iniciales de invasión y metástasis, la expresión de la proteína p16-INK4 que es un inhibidor de las ciclinas que participa en el punto de control G1 del ciclo celular en lesiones de cuello uterino. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que en todas las muestras evaluadas se obtuvo un incremento en la expresión de P16INK4a (95,86%) y de PCNA (92,27%) en zonas con lesión comparado con zonas sin lesión y una disminución en la expresión de cadherina E (18,94%) en zonas con lesión. En conclusión, el marcador celular p16INK4a (P<0,0033) mostró un mejor comportamiento predictivo de la evolución de las lesiones que PCNA y Cadherina E.

Infections human papillomavirus (HPV) influence the expression of cell cycle proteins and produce changes in the cervical epithelium that promote the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); HPV genotypes are grouped into HPV low risk or highoncogenic. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 of high-risk HPV (16 and 18), bind to various cell cycle regulators, therefore they are related to high-grade lesions and cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate 36 cervical biopsies by immunohistochemistry and measuring the expression of the following cellular markers: Nuclear Antigen Cell Proliferation (PCNA), the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin is inactivated in the initial moments of invasion and metastasis, p16 expression-INK4 protein is a cyclin inhibitor involved in the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle cervical lesions. The results showed that in all samples tested increased the expression of p16INK4a (95.86%) and PCNA (92.27%) in lesion areas compared to areas without injury and a decrease in expression was obtained Ecadherin (18.94%) in areas with injury. In conclusion, the p16INK4a cell marker (P <0.0033) showed a better predictive performance of the evolution of lesions PCNA and Ecadherin.

Progressive loss of E-cadherin immunoexpression during cervical carcinogenesis

PURPOSE: To investigate E-cadherin immunoexpression during cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS: We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL - 52 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix (23 cases) and also in eight cases of cervicitis. RESULTS: The results show very different E-cadherin membrane expression levels when cervicitis (88%), SILs (73%) and SCC (17%) were compared. In SILs, higher E-cadherin loss was seen in less differentiated cells in the basal third of the epithelium. This study suggests that the absence of E-cadherin expression in the membrane is a molecular event that is observed more often in SCC of the uterine cervix than in SILs or cervicitis. CONCLUSIONS: E-cadherin is an essential molecule during the process of cervical carcinogenesis and in this context exhibits a different expression pattern according to the epithelial thickness layer. .